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Invest. clín ; 54(3): 235-245, sep. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-740322

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los genes blaTEM, blaSHV y blaCTX-M en aislados clínicos de enterobacterias productoras de b-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE), recolectadas entre septiembre y noviembre de 2005. Además de la resistencia a las cefalosporinas de tercera generación, los aislados también mostraron resistencia a cloranfenicol (59,2%) amikacina (37,0%) y gentamicina (40,7%) y se mostraron sensibles a imipenem y meropenem. Nueve cepas lograron transferir la resistencia a las cefalosporinas de tercera generación, así como la producción de BLEE. En los aislados clínicos se detectaron los genes blaSHV, blaTEM y blaCTX-M, donde los tipos blaTEM-1, blaSHV-1, blaSHV-5 blaSHV-5-2a y blaCTX-M-1 fueron los prevalentes; mientras que en las transconjugantes sólo se detectaron blaTEM-1, blaSHV-5 y blaSHV-5-2a. Se identificaron en total siete tipos de genes, de los cuales cinco eran codificantes de enzimas tipo BLEE, lo que demuestra que en el centro hospitalario la resistencia a las cefalosporinas de tercera generación es debida a diversas enzimas.


The objective of the present investigation was to identify the blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes on extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae from clinical isolates, collected between September and November 2005. In addition to third-generation cephalosporin resistance, the isolates also showed resistance to chloramphenicol (59.2%), amikacin (37.0%) and gentamicin (40.7%), and demonstrated sensitivity to imipenem and meropenem. Nine strains were capable of transferring third-generation cephalosporin resistance, as well as the production of ESBL. In the clinical isolates, the genes blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M were detected, being more prevalent the types blaTEM-1, blaSHV-1, blaSHV-5 blaSHV-5-2a and blaCTX-M-1; while in the trans-conjugated only blaTEM-1, blaSHV-5 y blaSHV-5-2a were found. In total, seven types of genes were identified, five of which were codifying genes for ESBL-type enzymes. This demonstrates that in the hospital center, resistance to third-generation cephalosporin is mediated by several enzymes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Cross Infection/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology , Enterobacteriaceae/genetics , Genes, Bacterial , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/physiology , Cross Infection/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Enterobacter/drug effects , Enterobacter/enzymology , Enterobacter/genetics , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/genetics , Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Enterobacteriaceae/enzymology , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli/enzymology , Escherichia coli/genetics , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzymology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Substrate Specificity , beta-Lactamases/physiology
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